3 strategies for how and when to exit the market

When you think "buy," also think "sell." Don't just focus on how to get into a trade, but how to get out of it as well. After all, exit strategies are essential to risk management, protecting your trading capital, and limiting losses. But they are also essential to taking profit, which can then be put to work in new positions. In other words, an exit strategy can be the way out of a trade, which may provide you with capital or buying power that you can use to enter your next trade. So whether you're attempting to secure profits or limit losses, an exit strategy can help you determine how and when to close your trades out.

Many traders use a combination of tools and analysis to help them formulate their exit strategies. By doing this, they are seeking to identify the level at which to liquidate their position, and they are looking to use technology to help them close their trade at or near that level. For instance, a trader may use advanced technical analysis solutions to determine their sell target, then employ a stop order, which can trigger a sell when the position hits that level. It's important to remember that there is no guarantee that a stop order will be executed at or near the stop price.

But to put tools and technology to work, you need an approach or a general philosophy. Some traders are more analytical. Some are practical. Some are risk-takers. So naturally, as there are different kinds of traders, there are different approaches too. Here are three of those exit strategy approaches.

1. Find support and resistance zones
One approach to building an exit strategy is to use technical analysis and charting software to determine trend lines based on historical price. Armed with this information, traders may identify support and resistance zones, which may be potential entry and exit points. You can think of these zones as a floor and ceiling.

A resistance zone is a price zone the stock may repeatedly run up to without breaking through to new highs. A stock that reaches a resistance zone may consolidate within that zone for an extended period of time if bullish momentum cannot push the stock through that zone. Otherwise, if the stock breaks out of the resistance zone, a new bullish trend may be beginning and the resistance zone then becomes support.

A support zone is a price zone that the stock may retrace to repeatedly without falling below to new lows. Like resistance zones, a support zone may act as a barrier to new lows until enough momentum pushes the stock through the zone. If the stock breaks down and falls below the support zone, a new bearish trend may be beginning and the support zone becomes resistance.

2. Let your profits run
Another exit strategy to consider: let profits run and cut losses short.This may feel counterintuitive to some traders whose instinct is to promptly exit a position that has risen quickly. Those traders are likely thinking that there is a profit to be had, and they do not want the trade to just as quickly turn against them. Likewise, some traders hold on to losing positions for an extended time in hopes the stock will recover. It makes sense: people like to profit, and they don't like to lose. So, they get out of winning positions quickly before the trade goes against them, and they stay in losing positions for along time in hopes their trade may recover.

Of course, not every stock that rallies plummets. Some stocks continue to climb. And you may know all too well that some positions don't recover (in fact, they may even get worse over time). That's why you may consider the inverse approach to the win-quick/lose-long philosophy: let your winners run, and cut your losses quickly. The thinking behind this exit strategy states that a position is worth holding on to as long as it's gaining; and when it falls is when it should be sold.

3. Take some profit (but not necessarily all of it)
There's an old expression, "You don't go broke taking a profit." But keep in mind, you don't have to take the entire profit all at once. That's where scaling in and scaling out becomes useful. If you think you're getting close to the top but there's a possibility it has more to go, exit a portion of the position (scale out) and take some profits off the table.

Maybe you've got 1,000 shares. You could sell just 200 and hang onto the rest.

Source: Bloomberg Pro Terminal

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